![]() ![]() The first clear example of modern usage goes back as early as 1808, when it was used as a heading title in a collection of essays. The first known use of the term intellectual property dates to this time, when a piece published in the Monthly Review in 1769 used the phrase. ![]() "Literary property" was the term predominantly used in the British legal debates of the 1760s and 1770s over the extent to which authors and publishers of works also had rights deriving from the common law of property ( Millar v Taylor (1769), Hinton v Donaldson (1773), Donaldson v Becket (1774)). The Statute of Monopolies (1624) and the British Statute of Anne (1710) are seen as the origins of the current patent law and copyright respectively, firmly establishing the concept of intellectual property. By and large, these principles still remain the basic principles of current patent laws. It states that patents might be granted for "any new and ingenious device, not previously made", provided it was useful. The Venetian Patent Statute of March 19, 1474, established by the Republic of Venice is usually considered to be the earliest codified patent system in the world. Main articles: History of copyright law and History of patent law The Statute of Anne came into force in 1710. Balancing rights so that they are strong enough to encourage the creation of intellectual goods but not so strong that they prevent the goods' wide use is the primary focus of modern intellectual property law. Additionally, investments in intellectual goods suffer from appropriation problems: Landowners can surround their land with a robust fence and hire armed guards to protect it, but producers of information or literature can usually do little to stop their first buyer from replicating it and selling it at a lower price. Unlike traditional property, intellectual property is "indivisible", since an unlimited number of people can in theory "consume" an intellectual good without its being depleted. The intangible nature of intellectual property presents difficulties when compared with traditional property like land or goods. Advocates of IP believe that these economic incentives and legal protections stimulate innovation and contribute to technological progress of certain kinds. Supporters argue that because IP laws allow people to protect their original ideas and prevent unauthorized copying, creators derive greater individual economic benefit from the information and intellectual goods they create, and thus have more economic incentives to create them in the first place. To achieve this, the law gives people and businesses property rights to certain information and intellectual goods they create, usually for a limited period of time. Supporters of intellectual property laws often describe their main purpose as encouraging the creation of a wide variety of intellectual goods. The term "intellectual property" began to be used in the 19th century, though it was not until the late 20th century that intellectual property became commonplace in most of the world's legal systems. The modern concept of intellectual property developed in England in the 17th and 18th centuries. ![]() The best-known types are patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others. Intellectual property ( IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. Intellectual property laws such as trademark laws forbid the sale of infringing goods like these " McDnoald's" and " NKIE" sandals from China. Limitations and exceptions to copyright.Integrated circuit layout design protection.For the Waterparks album, see Intellectual Property (album). For the film, see Intellectual Property (film).
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